Bitcoin is the oldest and the most valuable cryptocurrency, boasting a market cap of over $1.2 trillion as of July 2024. Not only does Bitcoin have the highest mind share among cryptocurrencies, but it has also made significant strides in mainstream adoption, including its integration into ETFs and its recognition as a legal tender in El Salvador. Recently, it has been in the spotlight with former U.S. President Donald Trump pledging to hold Bitcoin as a strategic reserve if re-elected. While Bitcoin is renowned for its store-of-value proposition, many Bitcoin maximalists are content with simply holding it for the long term. However, a pertinent question arises—what more can be done with Bitcoin? Enter Babylon, a project aimed at harnessing Bitcoin's potential beyond being a mere store of value.
Approximately 2.5 years ago, David Tse and Fisher launched Babylon with a vision to leverage Bitcoin's proof-of-work (PoW) security to bolster the security of proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchains. Observing the trend of new chains opting for PoS due to its cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and lower energy consumption, they identified a gap: a trillion-dollar asset (BTC) remained largely idle. Bitcoin lacks native smart contract capabilities, limiting its utility in decentralized applications. Bridging BTC to other protocols or using wrapped versions like wBTC introduces trust issues with counterparties. Babylon aims to use BTC to secure PoS chains without bridging while providing full slashable security guarantees in a trust-minimized fashion.
PoS chains secure their networks through staked assets, often incentivizing validators with high inflationary rewards. This bootstrapping process is complex and lengthy, leading to the emergence of 'security-as-a-service' protocols like EigenLayer, Symbiotic, and ICS (Interchain Security). Babylon seeks to apply a similar model using Bitcoin, the most decentralized and secure crypto asset. While some argue that Bitcoin should remain a store of value, others believe in enhancing its utility. Babylon offers a solution by unlocking Bitcoin’s capital prowess, currently under-utilized, and integrating it into the PoS ecosystem to generate yields and drive new use cases.
With over $1.2 trillion in market cap, most BTC lies idle and does not generate any yield for its holders. This contrasts with PoS tokens, where capital efficiency is maximized to provide higher yields and support the ecosystem. Bringing additional utility to Bitcoin through secure and trustless mechanisms like Babylon can significantly enhance its economic impact and foster new applications within the crypto industry.
Moreover, the tension between high inflationary rewards and ecosystem incentives can be alleviated by leveraging Bitcoin’s economic security. Projects can tap into Bitcoin's decentralization and security, reducing the need for high inflationary incentives to bootstrap validator sets. Ultimately, market dynamics will determine the true need for sourcing a protocol's economic security from Bitcoin, but the potential is immense if executed in a trustless and slashable manner.
Babylon allows Bitcoin holders to stake their BTC for PoS blockchains without relying on third-party custody, bridges, or wrapping. It provides slashable economic security guarantees to PoS chains while ensuring efficient stake unbonding to enhance liquidity for Bitcoin holders. The protocol operates as a modular plug-in compatible with various PoS consensus protocols, serving as a foundational component for building restaking protocols. The core component, the 'control plane' (Babylon Chain), manages several critical functions:
Babylon is a Bitcoin Staking Protocol that provides shared security for PoS systems and allows Bitcoin holders to delegate their BTC to Finality Providers, who can then provide Bitcoin security to a consumer PoS chain or DA layer.
Babylon chain, on the other hand, is built on Cosmos SDK, which receives security from the Babylon Bitcoin Staking Protocol and acts as the first chain that Finality Providers can support. However, Babylon plans to support different PoS systems from various blockchain ecosystems and provide them access to shared security collateral with BTC.
Timestamping
Timestamping involves embedding data at a specific point in time. Babylon records PoS chain data onto Bitcoin to leverage Bitcoin’s robust PoW security. Due to Bitcoin’s expensive and limited blockspace, direct timestamping of every PoS chain onto Bitcoin is impractical. Instead, the 'control plane,' implemented as a Cosmos-SDK chain (aka Babylon Chain), aggregates timestamps from all PoS chains via IBC. This ensures a secure and immutable record of PoS data on the Bitcoin blockchain.
Staking Process
To stake, a Bitcoin staker (e.g., Alice) sends a special transaction to the Bitcoin blockchain, locking her BTC in a self-custodial vault. This vault, defined by Bitcoin's scripting language, has three transaction types:
Alice delegates her staking duties to a finality provider on the Babylon chain, who uses their private keys to validate the PoS chain on her behalf. This delegation maintains Alice's control over her Bitcoin while enabling participation in PoS validation.
Security Guarantees
Babylon ensures validators are accountable for their actions through cryptographic mechanisms like Extractable One-Time Signatures (EOTS). EOTS allows the network to detect and prove double-signing, exposing the validator's private key. This key, which is already pre-signed by the staker and the finality provider, is used to create a slashing transaction, burning the staked Bitcoin as a penalty. Babylon's protocol guarantees that a block is truly final only when it has received EOTS from at least 2/3 of the staked BTC.
A simplified transaction flow on Babylon would roughly look like this:
BBN token
Though no official details have been released yet, we expect there to be a BBN token that the BTC delegators can then stake with a validator of their choice just like any other Cosmos chain.
While Babylon introduces a novel approach to shared security using Bitcoin's hash power, other protocols like EigenLayer, Symbiotic, and ICS offer alternative models:
Protocols must weigh several factors—security robustness, trustlessness, economic incentives, integration complexity, ecosystem compatibility, and regulatory considerations—when choosing a shared security solution.
We've covered this topic in more detail in our previous article here.
Chorus One has been an early supporter of Babylon and we're already on its testnet as a finality provider.
Our FP address is 3e7af699845fae4817923f8c3484bc4759dc306d17255d859dcd0e08d9cc426c.
When Babylon goes live on mainnet, you will be able to stake BTC to Chorus One as a finality provider and earn the highest possible staking yields. If you want to learn more and be one of our early customers, click here. Also, don't forget to watch our podcast episode with David Tse, co-founder of Babylon!
About Chorus One
Chorus One is one of the biggest institutional staking providers globally, operating infrastructure for 60+ Proof-of-Stake networks, including Ethereum, Cosmos, Solana, Avalanche, and Near, amongst others. Since 2018, we have been at the forefront of the PoS industry and now offer easy enterprise-grade staking solutions, industry-leading research, and also invest in some of the most cutting-edge protocols through Chorus Ventures. We are a team of over 50 passionate individuals spread throughout the globe who believe in the transformative power of blockchain technology.
