Maximum Extractable Value (MEV) is critical to blockchains, particularly on networks like Ethereum and Solana. With sub-second block times and high throughput, Solana has unique challenges and opportunities in the MEV space. Unlike Ethereum's block-building marketplace model, Solana's mempool-less architecture has led to a different MEV extraction dynamic characterized by high-speed competition and potential network congestion.
Solana's unique features, including Gulf Stream for mempool-less transaction forwarding, have enabled remarkable speed and efficiency. However, these same features have also created an MEV landscape that requires innovative approaches.
The current methods of MEV extraction on Solana have several drawbacks. Searchers competing on latency often flood the network with duplicate transactions to ensure MEV capture, leading to periods of intense congestion and failing transaction processing for all users.
The winner-takes-all nature of Solana MEV opportunities results in a high rate of failed transactions. These failed transactions still consume compute resources and network bandwidths. Studies have shown that up to 75% of transactions interacting with DEX aggregators can fail during periods of high activity.
Moreover, the concentration of MEV capture among a few players threatens network decentralization as these entities accumulate more resources and influence. In Ethereum, the use of external searchers and block-builders has led to private order flow deals, resulting in extreme centralization where a single builder creating over 50% of Ethereum blocks, with only two builders responsible for 95% and four entities building 99% of all blocks.
Paladin introduces a solution to address these issues. It consists of two main components:
The Paladin bot is a high-speed, open-source arb bot that runs locally on validators. It works only when the validator is the leader and is integrated with the Jito-client. By running directly on the validator, it captures all riskless and straightforward MEV opportunities (e.g., atomic arbitrage, CeFi/DeFi arbitrage) faster than searchers, without needing to outsource these opportunities and pay around 20% of the MEV to external entities. Any non-supported, or more advanced MEV strategies that the Paladin bot doesn’t recognize can still be captured by the Jito auction, making it a net positive for the ecosystem.
The bot listens to state updates from the geyser interface, allowing real-time opportunity detection. Validators can choose which tokens and protocols to interact with, allowing more conservative validators to alleviate legal concerns about interacting directly with tokens they deem securities.
The PAL token is designed to align the incentives of validators and users and create a robust MEV extraction mechanism. With the entire supply of one billion airdropped at launch, PAL is distributed among validators, their stakers, Solana builders, the team, and a development fund.
PAL can be staked by validators and their delegators, with rewards proportional to their SOL stake. The token has a unique MEV distribution mechanism, where 10% of captured MEV is funneled to PAL token holders, with 97.5% going back to validators and their stakers. Most staked PALs can vote to slash the staked PAL of validators who engage in dishonest actions, such as running closed-source modifications of Paladin, instead of adhering to the "just run Paladin" principle.
Paladin's design creates dynamics that contribute to its sustainability. The "Pack of Wolves" dynamic incentivizes validators to "run with the pack" by honestly running Paladin. Going against the pack risks slashing and loss of rewards. This creates a self-reinforcing system of honest behavior.
As more validators run Paladin, a flywheel effect is created. More MEV is funneled to PAL holders, increasing the value of PAL and further incentivizing participation. This alignment of long-term interests incentivizes validators to behave honestly rather than pursue short-term gains through harmful practices like frontrunning.
Moreover, by allowing all validators to participate in MEV extraction, Paladin prevents centralization while still allowing searchers to implement more specialized strategies. The bot's open-source nature and transparent reward distribution create a fairer MEV landscape, benefiting the entire Solana ecosystem.
At Chorus One, we recognize Paladin's transformative potential. We've taken the proactive step of integrating Paladin into one of our Solana validators, Chorus One Palidator.
If you have been following Chorus One, you would know we have a deep interest in MEV. Almost two years back, we open-sourced our proof-of-concept called ‘Breaking Bots’ to capture MEV on Solana efficiently and ethically. Paladin’s proposition is similar in spirit but takes a different approach with the PAL token, which was not part of our proof-of-concept.
The integration of Paladin with our validator is a significant step in addressing the challenges of MEV on Solana. We invite Solana stakers to join us in this effort by delegating to our Palidator. Let’s move towards a model that benefits all participants rather than a select few.
As the MEV landscape evolves, Chorus One is committed to exploring and implementing solutions that benefit our delegators and the wider Solana community.
Blog articles
https://chorus.one/articles/metrics-that-matter
https://chorus.one/articles/solana-mev-client-an-alternative-way-to-capture-mev-on-solana
https://chorus.one/articles/solana-validator-economics
https://chorus.one/articles/analyzing-mev-instances-on-solana-part-3
https://chorus.one/articles/analyzing-mev-instances-on-solana-part-2
https://chorus.one/articles/analyzing-mev-instances-on-solana-part-1
Podcasts
Solana's Next Big Moves: From Memecoins to Staking—What's Coming Next?
Exploring Marinade V2 and the state of Solana Staking
About Chorus One
Chorus One is one of the largest institutional staking providers globally, operating infrastructure for over 60 Proof-of-Stake (PoS) networks, including Ethereum, Cosmos, Solana, Avalanche, Near, and others. Since 2018, we have been at the forefront of the PoS industry, offering easy-to-use, enterprise-grade staking solutions, conducting industry-leading research, and investing in innovative protocols through Chorus One Ventures. As an ISO 27001 certified provider, Chorus One also offers slashing and double-signing insurance to its institutional clients. For more information, visit chorus.one or follow us on LinkedIn, X (formerly Twitter), and Telegram.
